"rustaz" meaning in All languages combined

See rustaz on Wiktionary

Noun [Proto-Germanic]

IPA: /ˈrus.tɑz/
Rhymes: -us.tɑz Etymology: From Pre-Germanic *rudʰ-s-tos-, derived from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ- (“red”). Compare Lithuanian rùstas (“brown-red”). Also compare Latin russus (“red, reddish-brown”), Proto-Slavic *rusъ (“fair, blonde (of hair), yellow, red, light-colored”) (whence Russian ру́сый (rúsyj, “fair(-haired), blond(e), light brown (of hair), dirty blond”)). Etymology templates: {{root|gem-pro|ine-pro|*h₁rewdʰ-}}, {{der|gem-pro|ine-pro|*h₁rewdʰ-||red}} Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ- (“red”), {{cog|lt|rùstas|t=brown-red}} Lithuanian rùstas (“brown-red”), {{cog|la|russus||red, reddish-brown}} Latin russus (“red, reddish-brown”), {{cog|sla-pro|*rusъ||fair, blonde (of hair), yellow, red, light-colored}} Proto-Slavic *rusъ (“fair, blonde (of hair), yellow, red, light-colored”), {{cog|ru|ру́сый||fair(-haired), blond(e), light brown (of hair), dirty blond}} Russian ру́сый (rúsyj, “fair(-haired), blond(e), light brown (of hair), dirty blond”) Inflection templates: {{gem-decl-noun}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], rustaz [nominative, singular], rustōz [nominative, plural], rustōs [nominative, plural], rust [singular, vocative], rustōz [plural, vocative], rustōs [plural, vocative], rustą [accusative, singular], rustanz [accusative, plural], rustas [genitive, singular], rustis [genitive, singular], rustǫ̂ [genitive, plural], rustai [dative, singular], rustamaz [dative, plural], rustō [instrumental, singular], rustamiz [instrumental, plural]
  1. rust Tags: masculine, reconstruction Derived forms: rustagaz Related terms: raudaz, rudō, rusmô
    Sense id: en-rustaz-gem-pro-noun-Uh~lyezh Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header
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          "lang_code": "osx",
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                  ],
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                }
              ],
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            }
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              ],
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          ],
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        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
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                {
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                  "lang_code": "de",
                  "word": "Rost"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Luxembourgish",
                  "lang_code": "lb",
                  "word": "Rascht"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle High German",
              "lang_code": "gmh",
              "word": "rost"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old High German",
          "lang_code": "goh",
          "word": "rost"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
      "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
      "word": "*rust"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Norwegian",
          "lang_code": "no",
          "word": "rust"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Norwegian",
          "lang_code": "no",
          "word": "ryst"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "lang_code": "sv",
          "word": "rost"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Danish",
          "lang_code": "da",
          "word": "rust"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Old Norse",
      "lang_code": "non",
      "word": "*rustr"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Gothic",
      "lang_code": "got",
      "roman": "*rus-",
      "word": "*𐍂𐌿𐍃-"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Proto-Samic",
      "lang_code": "smi-pro",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "*ruostë"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Proto-Finnic",
      "lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "*roostëk"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₁rewdʰ-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₁rewdʰ-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "red"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ- (“red”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "rùstas",
        "t": "brown-red"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian rùstas (“brown-red”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "russus",
        "3": "",
        "4": "red, reddish-brown"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin russus (“red, reddish-brown”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*rusъ",
        "3": "",
        "4": "fair, blonde (of hair), yellow, red, light-colored"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *rusъ (“fair, blonde (of hair), yellow, red, light-colored”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "ру́сый",
        "3": "",
        "4": "fair(-haired), blond(e), light brown (of hair), dirty blond"
      },
      "expansion": "Russian ру́сый (rúsyj, “fair(-haired), blond(e), light brown (of hair), dirty blond”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Pre-Germanic *rudʰ-s-tos-, derived from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ- (“red”). Compare Lithuanian rùstas (“brown-red”). Also compare Latin russus (“red, reddish-brown”), Proto-Slavic *rusъ (“fair, blonde (of hair), yellow, red, light-colored”) (whence Russian ру́сый (rúsyj, “fair(-haired), blond(e), light brown (of hair), dirty blond”)).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-decl-noun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rustaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rustōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rustōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rust",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rustōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rustōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rustą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rustanz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rustas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rustis",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rustǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rustai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rustamaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rustō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rustamiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gem-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/rustaz",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "rustagaz"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "rust"
      ],
      "id": "en-rustaz-gem-pro-noun-Uh~lyezh",
      "links": [
        [
          "rust",
          "rust"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "raudaz"
        },
        {
          "word": "rudō"
        },
        {
          "word": "rusmô"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈrus.tɑz/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-us.tɑz"
    }
  ],
  "word": "rustaz"
}
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "rustagaz"
    }
  ],
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                {
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              ],
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              ],
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              "lang": "Middle English",
              "lang_code": "enm",
              "word": "rost"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "English",
                  "lang_code": "en",
                  "word": "rust"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "roost"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "roust"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle English",
              "lang_code": "enm",
              "word": "roste"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "English",
                  "lang_code": "en",
                  "word": "rust"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "roost"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "roust"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle English",
              "lang_code": "enm",
              "word": "roust"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "English",
                  "lang_code": "en",
                  "word": "rust"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "roost"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "roust"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle English",
              "lang_code": "enm",
              "word": "rouste"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "English",
                  "lang_code": "en",
                  "word": "rust"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "roost"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "roust"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle English",
              "lang_code": "enm",
              "word": "ruste"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old English",
          "lang_code": "ang",
          "word": "rūst"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Saterland Frisian",
              "lang_code": "stq",
              "word": "rust"
            },
            {
              "lang": "West Frisian",
              "lang_code": "fy",
              "word": "roast"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old Frisian",
          "lang_code": "ofs",
          "word": "*rust"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Saterland Frisian",
              "lang_code": "stq",
              "word": "rust"
            },
            {
              "lang": "West Frisian",
              "lang_code": "fy",
              "word": "roast"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old Frisian",
          "lang_code": "ofs",
          "word": "*rost"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "German Low German",
                  "lang_code": "nds-de",
                  "word": "Rost"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle Low German",
              "lang_code": "gml",
              "word": "rost"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old Saxon",
          "lang_code": "osx",
          "word": "rost"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "descendants": [
                    {
                      "lang": "Afrikaans",
                      "lang_code": "af",
                      "word": "roes"
                    }
                  ],
                  "lang": "Dutch",
                  "lang_code": "nl",
                  "word": "roest"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle Dutch",
              "lang_code": "dum",
              "word": "rost"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "descendants": [
                    {
                      "lang": "Afrikaans",
                      "lang_code": "af",
                      "word": "roes"
                    }
                  ],
                  "lang": "Dutch",
                  "lang_code": "nl",
                  "word": "roest"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle Dutch",
              "lang_code": "dum",
              "word": "roest"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old Dutch",
          "lang_code": "odt",
          "word": "*rost"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "descendants": [
                    {
                      "lang": "Afrikaans",
                      "lang_code": "af",
                      "word": "roes"
                    }
                  ],
                  "lang": "Dutch",
                  "lang_code": "nl",
                  "word": "roest"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle Dutch",
              "lang_code": "dum",
              "word": "rost"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "descendants": [
                    {
                      "lang": "Afrikaans",
                      "lang_code": "af",
                      "word": "roes"
                    }
                  ],
                  "lang": "Dutch",
                  "lang_code": "nl",
                  "word": "roest"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle Dutch",
              "lang_code": "dum",
              "word": "roest"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old Dutch",
          "lang_code": "odt",
          "word": "*rōst"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "German",
                  "lang_code": "de",
                  "word": "Rost"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Luxembourgish",
                  "lang_code": "lb",
                  "word": "Rascht"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle High German",
              "lang_code": "gmh",
              "word": "rost"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old High German",
          "lang_code": "goh",
          "word": "rost"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
      "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
      "word": "*rust"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Norwegian",
          "lang_code": "no",
          "word": "rust"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Norwegian",
          "lang_code": "no",
          "word": "ryst"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "lang_code": "sv",
          "word": "rost"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Danish",
          "lang_code": "da",
          "word": "rust"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Old Norse",
      "lang_code": "non",
      "word": "*rustr"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Gothic",
      "lang_code": "got",
      "roman": "*rus-",
      "word": "*𐍂𐌿𐍃-"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Proto-Samic",
      "lang_code": "smi-pro",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "*ruostë"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Proto-Finnic",
      "lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "*roostëk"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₁rewdʰ-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₁rewdʰ-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "red"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ- (“red”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "rùstas",
        "t": "brown-red"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian rùstas (“brown-red”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "russus",
        "3": "",
        "4": "red, reddish-brown"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin russus (“red, reddish-brown”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*rusъ",
        "3": "",
        "4": "fair, blonde (of hair), yellow, red, light-colored"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *rusъ (“fair, blonde (of hair), yellow, red, light-colored”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "ру́сый",
        "3": "",
        "4": "fair(-haired), blond(e), light brown (of hair), dirty blond"
      },
      "expansion": "Russian ру́сый (rúsyj, “fair(-haired), blond(e), light brown (of hair), dirty blond”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Pre-Germanic *rudʰ-s-tos-, derived from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ- (“red”). Compare Lithuanian rùstas (“brown-red”). Also compare Latin russus (“red, reddish-brown”), Proto-Slavic *rusъ (“fair, blonde (of hair), yellow, red, light-colored”) (whence Russian ру́сый (rúsyj, “fair(-haired), blond(e), light brown (of hair), dirty blond”)).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-decl-noun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rustaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rustōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rustōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rust",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rustōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rustōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rustą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rustanz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rustas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rustis",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rustǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rustai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rustamaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rustō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rustamiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gem-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/rustaz",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "raudaz"
    },
    {
      "word": "rudō"
    },
    {
      "word": "rusmô"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns",
        "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Germanic lemmas",
        "Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
        "Proto-Germanic nouns",
        "Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Proto-Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁rewdʰ-",
        "Rhymes:Proto-Germanic/us.tɑz",
        "Rhymes:Proto-Germanic/us.tɑz/2 syllables"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "rust"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "rust",
          "rust"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈrus.tɑz/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-us.tɑz"
    }
  ],
  "word": "rustaz"
}

Download raw JSONL data for rustaz meaning in All languages combined (9.2kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-03-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-03-03 using wiktextract (05c257f and 9d9a410). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.